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François Morellet (b. 1926) begins as early as 1952 to experiment with abstract work, simple planes in a limited number of colors. Later, he further reduces his visual language to grids. For his grids, he allows lines – painted or in metal – to run parallel, overlap each other or fragment. The grids can be constructed according to deliberate formulae or systemic chance. In 1960, he co-founds the Groupe de Recherche d'Art Visuel, an artist collective wishing to make kinetic art on a ‘scientific’ basis.